The next morning, an artillery shell hit headquarters, severely wounding commander and staff. On 25 December 1953, the Communists reached the Thai border at Thakhek on the Mekong, the overland lifeline to northern Laos was severed, and Indochina cut in two. Along the tried pattern of Na San, the Plaine des Jarres, and Dien Bien Phu, another fortified airhead was hurriedly created around Seno, and a separate Middle Laos Operational Groupment ( GOML) activated on Christmas Day 1953. Two others, Gabrielle to the north and Beatrice to the northeast, are positioned to keep Viet Minh forces out of mortar range of the main airstrip. When presented with the plan, every … Langlais and Marcel Bigeard, (our dear Bruno,) maintained good terms with de Castries. But in reality, they had up to 350 guns including Soviet rocket launchers. This loss was a severe blow to French prestige, and resulted in France agreeing to withdraw from Indochina, by the Geneva agreement. by David Galster | Sep 6, 2018 | CS: Vietnam (Work-in-Progress), Vietnam: Bruno's Bunker. They also cut off Isabelle, the extreme southern strongpoint. But, his extraordinary physical condition and mental toughness enabled him to survive the four months of captivity. On 10 April, the French tried to retake Eliane 1. The answer was that the Viet Minh would mobilize countryside peasants. It borders Lai Chau Province and Yunnan Province of China to the north, Son La Province to the east and Phongsali Province of Laos to the south and west. In June 1953 Major General René Cogny, the French commander in the Tonkin Delta, proposed Điện Biên Phủ, which had an old airstrip built by the Japanese during World War II, as a "mooring point". Die 5de BPVN, wat nog moeg is, en die swakste valskermbataljon op die slagveld is, loods ’n teenaanval. Quite the same Wikipedia. They pressed against French Groupe Mobile 2, (GM-2) which had been hurriedly sent out of Hue to meet the new threat. The French, it seemed, were confident and daring the Viet Minh to attack. On 13 March 1954 a fierce artillery barrage hit the command post killing Legionnaire commander Major Paul Pegot. On 13 February 1954, Navarre airlifted another five battalions, including a parachute battalion, into Luang Prabang, thus further dispersing his forces. The able bodied ones were marched over 600 km into prison camps. Beatrice fell first. . The strongpoint changed hands several times, but by morning was in French control. Only 3290 were repatriated, four months later. However, General Giap understood the French “contradictions.” In fact, a copy of the Navarre Plan was given to Ho Chi Minh by the Chinese, who had gotten it from the Soviet KGB. But this time they had to do it right because they were about to commit half of their entire battle force in the whole of Vietnam and therefore, failure was not an option. He considered parachuting in, but was talked out of it. As we can see, the valley is an exceptionally strategic place. Gun Porters moving artillery into place at Dien Bien Phu. For the Dien Bien Phu campaign, Giap selected the following forces: 304th, 308th, 312th, and 316th Infantry Divisions, plus the 148th Independent Infantry Regiment. These cookies do not store any personal information. Hundreds died along the way. The valley was 16 kilometers long and 10 kilometers wide, and surrounded a ring of low, but rugged hills. 500 Legionnaires were killed. Dien Bien Phu lies in northwestern Vietnam, Southeast Asia. On May 7, 1954, the struggle for Indochina was almost over for France. Bigeard refused, saying “As long as I have one man alive I won’t let go of Eliane 4. Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the decisive engagement in the First Indochina War (1946–54). In 1954, French forces in French Indochina sought to cut the Viet Minh's supply lines to Laos. The Chinese provided 70 advisors, the “South China Sea Action Group.” They suggested using one massive “Human Wave” attack to take Dien Bien Phu quickly. Giap thus had succeeded in forcing Navarre to throw his painfully gathered mobile reserve into the four corners of Indochina in pursuit of a “single-battle decision,” that was definitely not the goals of the Navarre Plan. The objective was to seek out Viet Minh forces in the highlands. The contradictions were in Giaps words: “. Attempting to scatter French forces, the Viet Minh made diversionary thrusts into Laos. Operation Castor would proceed. It disrupted the Navarre Plan for 1953-54. This forced the French into two options, either attack Viet Minh bases in the Tuyen Quang and Thai Nguyen “redoubt,” or place troops astride the Laos invasion route. was the French commander at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954. The French army would establish a fortified airhead by air-lifting soldiers adjacent to a key Vie… Although Dien Bien Phu is only 260 miles northwest of Hanoi, the drive takes two long, bumpy days to complete. On 17 March, he flew to Dien Bien Phu, but his plane was driven off by anti-aircraft fire. Five of the strong points – Anne-Marie, Huguette, Dominique, Eliane and Claudine – are clustered around Dien Bien Phu and the main airstrip. Indirect fire requires experienced well-trained crews, which the Viet Minh lacked. Simultaneously, Navarre had been searching for a way to stop the Viet Minh threat to Laos. In 2003 Dien Bien Phu was named the capital of the new Dien Bien Province, which covers a total land area of 9, 560 square kilometres and has a population of 499, 899 (2006). The fortified hilltops, christened by the French with girls' names such as Anne-Marie, Claudine and Eliane, were reduced one by one. At night, 14 March. For just under two months Dien Bien Phu was cut off. Battle of Dien Bien Phu. Total Viet Minh combat troops were 49500. Here is part 2, covering the period from the outset of that war up to Dien Bien Phu. “You’re not going to shoot anymore?” asked the Viet Minh in French. Today my friend Piotr and I will be closing out our Dien Bien Phu series with a look at the final Viet Minh assaults on the beleaguered French position. Instead, Viet Minh dug trench approaches, to get troops closer to strongpoints, before their final assaults. A few days later, GM-51, plus assorted air and supply components joined this force. Concrete fortifications and strongpoints were constructed. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Eliane 1, defended by Mooccans, was captured at midnight. The museums in the area also offer snapshots and glimpses into the past. Second, how would they supply these forces with no good roads from their bases in central and southern Tonkin? In addition, the 351st Heavy Division would play a critical role. The sudden silence was deafening. Much of the travel took place at night, to avoid airstrikes. Dien Bien Phu based F8F Bearcat from Fighter Group 1/22 Saintonge Mortar and… M24 Chaffee (1944) The Chaffee was the last American light tank of WW2, designed to replace the Stuart and had a long career postwar, in Indochina, Korea and elsewhere. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. On November 20, 1953 operation Castor along with 9000 French troops went to Dien Bien Phu for an initial 3 days. Second phase of the Dien Bien Phu battle began on 30.3.1954, when the rain stopped and the Vietnamese started shelling positions Dominique and Eliane. In December, Giap was ready. Finally, they moved the artillery pieces up the steep jungle roads, and set them into concealed bunkers, that had to be cut into the sides of the hills. I hope it provides several interesting “points of departure,” that you might later encounter, or want to read about further. Once more, Navarre had to disperse his already thinly stretched reserves. Langlais ordered a counterattack on Dominque 2 and Eliane 1, by “anyone left trustworthy to fight.” They were successful at retaking those on 31 March. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The valley of Dien Bien Phu lies in a wild, mountainous region of northwestern Vietnam, alongside the border with Laos. Just better. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The battle of Dien Bien Phu takes place between March and May of 1954 and is the climax of the French Indochi-na war, pitting the communist Viet Minh forces against the colonial French. The Algerian battalion abandoned Gabrielle. Viet Minh resumed a pounding artillery fire, which permanently disabled the landing strip. Staying true to his credo: “Always keep the initiative,” and “always on the offensive,” Navarre chose to defend Laos. r . Woodmansee, ‘Indochina The Last Year of the War,” Bernard Fall. Even though they were soon surrounded, the French didn’t think it could become a formidable force. The night of the 31st, the 316th Division attacked Eliane 2. In this campaign, we would have absolute superiority in number to destroy the enemy, sector by sector, till the fall of the entrenched camp.”. East Front III: Marshall Budyonny's Dacha. An estimated 15000 personnel were involved in an effort that became the prototype for the Ho Chi Minh trail in later years. The 312th Division launched a massive infantry assault, using sappers to clear obstacles. They found no Viet Minh regulars, (who were diverted north,) and instead were harrassed by guerrillas. In Giap’s words: “We no longer conceived the Dien Bien Phu campaign as a large-scale siege battle, which took place unremittingly in a short period of time, but a campaign in which a series of siege battles, having the character of positional warfare, were fought in a rather long time. Simultaneously, Navarre had been searching for a way to stop the Viet Minh threat to Laos. From accounts, it appears de Castries accepted this arrangement. Claudine 11th Battery/4th Group/4th Colonial Artillery Regiment (11/IV/4 RAC) Capitaine Déal: HM1 155mm howitzer (x4) Claudine Platoon/1st Colonial Far East Anti-Aircraft Artillery Group (I GAACEO) Lieutenant Paul Redon: Quad-50 M2 0.50cal MG (x4) Epervier 1st Foreign Composite Heavy Mortar Company (1 CMMLE) Lieutenant René Colcy: 120mm mortar (x8) Claudine 2nd Foreign Composite … The area near Dien Bien Phu seemed impassable, but thousands of Vietnamese peasants cut trails by hand, laid roads, and moved supplies as much as 500 … ng ÄÆ°á»ng chiến Äấu". The 367th Air Defense Regiment, part of the 351st Division, had about twenty-four M1939 37-mm anti-aircraft guns. At dark on 31 March, Langlais ordered Major Marcel Bigeard, who was leading the defense at Eliane, to fall back across the river. But despite the logistics problem, Navarre asserted that with such powerful forces, and so strong a defence system, Dien Bien Phu was “an impregnable fortress…”. “Fortress” Dien Bien Phu would ultimately be defended by 12000 men, including seven parachute battalions, three North African battalions, two Thai and one Vietnamese battalion. At the same time, the 148th Independent Regiment moved toward Luang Prabang, and advanced within a few kilometres, before French forces stabilised the defensive line. In northern Laos, situation became worse. The Viet Minh victory in this battle effectively ended the eight-year-old war. A massed assault against the exhausted defenders overran Eliane 1, Dominique 3, and Hugette 5. Giap decided to revert to trench warfare after fighter-bombers and artillery devastated a Viet Minh regiment, caught in open ground. The incompetence was also apparent to General Cogny at Hanoi. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. As a French colonel surveyed the battlefield from a slit trench near his command post, a small white flag, probably a handkerchief, appeared on top of a rifle hardly 30 meters away from him, followed by the pith-helmeted head of a Viet Minh soldier. A remote region bordering with Laos and China. In his own words, “we strictly followed this fundamental principle of the conduct of a revolutionary war: strike to win, strike only when success is certain; if it is not, then don’t strike.”, The attack approach would not be one single human wave, but would be a siege campaign. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. The 1954 siege of Dien Bien Phu is one of the epics of 20th century military history, featuring dramatic assaults, daring sorties, desperate counterattacks, and doomed last stands spread over 56 gruelling days. These were placed in various locations to harass French resupply transports. Further supplies had to be parachuted in. Attempts to reinforce the garrison by parachute had to be done with lone planes to avoid AA fire. But, the Viet Minh renewed their assault, forcing the French back. Find out what happened prior the US involvement in Vietnam and how you can experience it while playing a range of upcoming CS Vietnam scenarios. Colonel Christian de Castries, commander of Groupe d’Opération Nord-Ouest, (GONO) led Operation Castor, which began 20 November 1953 with an air drop of three parachute battalions in the Dien Bien Phu valley. They built two roads, one from Phu Tho is 225 km away, and the other to Thanh Hoa is 340 km away. The cemeteries in A1 Hill (644 tombs) and Doc Lap Hill (2432 tombs), A1 Hill, where bitter fighting took place. The Japanese had built a good airfield there. Operation Castor was never conceived as a “large-scale airborne raid.” From the start, the mission was to become a “meat-grinder,” using “base aero-terrestre” tactic that worked at Na San. Directed by Pierre Schoendoerffer. ... Gabrielle, Dominique, Elaine, and Claudine. The Command Bunker in Dien Bien of De Castries: lies at the heart of the entrenched camp of Dien Bien Phu in the middle of the Muong Thanh Field. Dit misluk en Gabrielle val. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was fought from March 13 to May 7, 1954, and was the decisive engagement of the First Indochina War (1946-1954), the precursor to the Vietnam War. This article is a primer on the battle of Dien Bien Phu. Phase II saw assaults on Dominque and Eliane. In addition, the French did not think that the Viet Minh could supply a force large enough to capture Dien Bien Phu. The Navarre plan called for strategic defensive in the north, offensive in the south. PRESIDENT HO CHI MINH'S LETTER TO THE FIGHTERS ON THE DIEN BIEN PHU BATTLEFRONT Dear officers and men on the Dien Bien Phu battlefront. In April 1953, the 316th Division moved into Laos, overwhelmed the Sam Neua garrison, and pursued fleeing defenders towards the Plain of Jars. A French “crisis-of-command” emerged, as senior officers realized that de Castries was incompetent to conduct the defense. Did you know what Chinese advice General Giap rejected? If that wasn’t enough, Navarre launched the Atlante Plan on 20 January 1954 against Tuy Hoa, a stretch of coast in central Vietnam. Gabrielle was next. His greater mistake was that with the conception of a “bourgeois” strategist, he could not visualize the immense possibilities of a people’s army, and the entire people who were fighting for independence and peace; it was still more difficult for him to realize the evolution and remarkable progresses of our people and our army, understand and appreciate the great possibilities of an indomitable fighting spirit of a people’s army which was determined to fight and to win.”. This involved three parachute battalions from the general reserve, part of GM-2, and all of GM-1. Artillery fire decimated them. Colonel Louis Berteil, commander of Mobile Group 7 and Navarre's main planner, formulated the hérisson ("hedgehog") concept. Since his spring 1953 attacks in northern Laos, Giap retained four divisions in the Thai highlands and the northern part of central Vietnam, equidistant between the Red River Delta and Luang Prabang. Veterans of that battle are in their dotage, their famous commander Grand … 2014 is the 60th year since the defeat of French forces at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu. Throughout the 1953 rainy season, Giap successfully avoided engaging his main force, while Navarre vainly sought to disrupt the Communist timetable. The other significant planning was air defense. They based this on their successes in Korea. Nhà xuất bản Quân Äá»i Nhân dân, 1982, This page was last edited on 19 May 2019, at 21:41. .The contradiction between concentration of forces and occupation of territory; the contradiction between the buildup of a large-scale mobile force, and the scattering of his forces to various regions; between the str… . The fighting was brutal and the positions changed hands more than once. .The contradiction between concentration of forces and occupation of territory; the contradiction between the buildup of a large-scale mobile force, and the scattering of his forces to various regions; between the strategic offensive and strategic defensive.”. From a cave complex near Tuan Giao, (50 km NE DBP,) General Giap conducted a series of meetings with Ho Chi Minh and his staff. The French artillery commander, Colonel Charles Piroth was so distraught at ineffective counter-battery fire, that he committed suicide. The last French radio transmission to Hanoi was: “The enemy has overran us.”. Reconnaissance planes and fighters of the permanent squadron constantly flew over the entire region strafing and bombing. 20 November 1953, French paratroopers were captured from the remaining Japanese airfield in the plain of Jars (Dien bien Phu) and staging area 3 to 16 km, which … But, they also had to get the people to haul the supplies. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. After Anne-Marie fell, de Castries isolated himself in his bunker, essentially abdicating command. . . ), Logistics was one problem for the bastion. Equally surprising, Dien Bien Phu is a large, rather untidy town (population circa 100,000), with houses patched together haphazardly, overlooking several long avenues. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. However, General Giap understood the French “contradictions.” In fact, a copy of the Navarre Plan was given to Ho Chi Minh by the Chinese, who had gotten it from the Soviet KGB. The attack, planned by Marcel Bigeard, came after a massive artillery barrage. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. The contradictions were in Giaps words: “. This area was picked because of its strategic location along routes to Laos, and it seemed, to the French at least, to be a good defensive position. They were concentrated 640 km away from major battlefronts of the Red River Delta, and Dien Bien Phu. This is a list of units and commands that took part in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu during the First Indochina War, with the major commands that took part in operations. 5,” Bernard Fall, Major J.W. This attack was accompanied for the first time with Katyusha rockets. Otherwise, Dien Bien Phu is done for.”. A lull until 30 March gave the Viet Minh time to “tighten the noose” around the central zone of strongpoints: Hugette, Dominique, Claudine, and Eliane. Colonel Louis Berteil, commander of Mobile Group 7 and Navarre's main planner,[19] formulated the hérisson ("hedgehog") concept. In another misunderstanding, Cogny envisioned a lightly defended point from which to launch raids; Navarre, however, believed that he intended to build a heavily fortified base capable of withstanding a siege. “No, I’m not going to shoot anymore,” replied the colonel. In the morning, the fighting died down and dozens of Vietnamese, … When France occupied the important valley of Dien Bien Phu with a large force, the leadership of the Viet Minh knew that they had to retake the valley. Not, as in 1954, to Viet-Minh attacks, but rather to the bulldozers of progress. Eliane 2 was under heavy attack. There were two key challenges. It consisted of a struggle between French and Viet Minh (Vietnamese Communist and nationalist) forces for control of a small mountain outpost on the Vietnamese border near Laos. With Donald Pleasence, Patrick Catalifo, Jean-François Balmer, Ludmila Mikaël. Viet Minh available artillery was estimated by French intelligence to be 40 to 60 medium howitzers. Colonel Langlais confronted de Castries, and informed him he was taking control of the situation, and de Castries could handle messages to Hanoi and offer advice. C-47 and C-119 planes had to supply at least 200 tons daily from Gia Lam and Cat Bi airbases, 300 km away. Battle of Dien Bien Phu. The Viet Minh counted 11721 prisoners, but 4436 were wounded. The 101st and 66th Regiments drove across the Annamite moun Thain chain. Smaller attacks on Eliane 4 were also pushed back. An American reporter finds himself in the middle of the 57-day battle of Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam between the French army and the Vietminh, which finally resulted in the defeat and surrender of the French forces and France's eventual withdrawal from Vietnam. The Viet Minh continued isolation attacks against Hugette 1, and it fell 22 April. But with heavy casualties, Langlais decided to abandon Hugette 6. “Revolutionary War Vol. And all around them, as on some gruesome Judgment Day, soldiers, French and Viet Minh alike, began to crawl out of their trenches, and stand erect for the first time in 54 days, as firing ceased everywhere. Bătălia de la Dien Bien Phu a fost luptată în perioada 13 martie - 7 mai 1954 și a fost angajarea decisivă a Primului Război Indochina (1946-1954), precursorul razboiul din Vietnam. Just as it appeared the French were about to be overrun, French tanks arrived, pushing the Viet Minh back. But the Vietnamese battalion, that had just jumped in the day before, was exhausted and ineffective. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are as essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. These crews sometimes disassembled the cannons, hauled them in place in pieces, and then reassembled them in the final positions. A morning counterattack was stalled by Viet Minh artillery. Thousands of workers, called Dan Cong, were conscripted to build these roads. Tens of thousands of pack-bicycles and wheelbarrows, thousands of craft, convoys of donkeys and horses were employed to transport supplies to the front, using roads and tracks, deep rivers and swift streams. And, French never thought these guns could be brought to the battle in large numbers, and sited in the hills surrounding Dien Bien Phu. This was an adaptation of a World War II Soviet organization and was comprised of one engineer, one heavy mortar, two artillery, one anti-aircraft artillery, and one Katyusha rocket regiments. The final strongpoint between the Viet Minh and the main headquarters in Claudine was Dominque 3. Navarre selected Điện Biên Phủ for Berteil's "hedgehog" operation. General de Castries ordered a counterattack to relieve Gabrielle. The Hugette 1 garrison attacked to cut through to supply water to Hugette 6. The entrenched ‘air-land’ camp of Dien Bien Phu was established by parachute drop in November 1953. Hugette 1 and 6 had been almost entirely surrounded by entrenchments. If you rent a modern 4-wheel-drive for your journey it may take a few hours less and be more comfortable, but I am happily carried through the mountains in Mr. Ta's rugged, but trustworthy, Russian jeep. The French hoped the main Communist battle force would venture far from the vital Red River Delta, while the French Command could concentrate remaining forces on mop-up operations in the delta. Intercepted radio messages revealed to the French that whole Viet Minh units refused to attack. On 6 May, the Viet Minh blew up a tunnel under Eliane 2, and within a few hours overran that outpost. These actions forced the French to deploy Groupe Mobiles in reaction, and scattering their forces. Well, unfortunately for the French, he rejected using the “Human Wave” tactic. On 30 March, the 312th Division captured Dominique 1 and 2. airfield) and Claudine (which comprises the CP.) The French strong-points at Dien Bien Phu in northwest Vietnam are falling again. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu (French: Bataille de Diên Biên Phu; Vietnamese: Chiến dịch Điện Biên Phủ) was the climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist-nationalist revolutionaries. Die Slag van Dien Bien Phu ... Gelyktydige aanvalle op Claudine, Dominique en Isabelle verwar die Franse bevelvoerders oor die Viët-Minh se doel. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. However, after due deliberations with his men, Gen Giap rejected this advice and decided on a siege campaign, to strike surely and advance cautiously. First, how would they move all the artillery, and place them in the hills around Dien Bien Phu, in protected bunkers that could be concealed? Each gun crew did its own spotting. General Giap ordered a general attack on all remaining units. The idea was to make the upland stronghold an attractive bait for Giap to commit his elite divisions . Viet Minh losses were 600 dead and 1200 wounded. Combat support was comprised of an engineer battalion, truck company, ten light tanks, two 75-mm and 105-mm artillery groups, and four 155-mm howitzers. Major Marcel Bigeard survived Dien Bien Phu, only to be taken prisoner. In the meantime, Viet Minh Regiment 66 cut across the moun Thains, and one by one crushed a smaller French post strung out along the road from Vietnam to Seno. Giap took his time, though. These strongpoints were: Anne-Marie, (Ban Keo;) Beatrice, (Him Lam;) Claudine; Dominique; Eliane; Francoise; Gabrielle, (Doc Lap;) Huguette; and Isabelle, (Hong Cum. Prisoners said they were told to “advance or be shot.” To avert this crisis, Giap called in reinforcements from Laos. The entire 316th Division took the airfield at Lai Chau, 88 km north of Dien Bien Phu, and then marched toward Luang Prabang. Propaganda leaflets had been distributed to them for weeks, telling them it was “not their fight.” Thus on 17 March, the first phase of Viet Minh attacks was succesfully completed. The French army would establish a fortified airhead by air-lifting soldiers adjacen… Another stalemate period from 15 April to 1 May occurred due to lowered Viet Minh morale. Anne-Marie was abandoned by Thai troops, demoralized on seeing losses of Beatrice and Gabrielle. Fighting back and forth continued for several nights. After that, 12 thousand men of the Vietnamese 312th and 316th Division charged into battle. French resistance collapsed shortly after midnight. Two Viet Minh infantry regiments attacked the elite Algerian defenders. As General Giap wrote about Navarre: ” . Dien Bien Phu now bears few scars except for the occasional scattered tank to bear witness to its horrendous past, though it is still one of the remotest areas you could visit. During this time, the Viet Minh made trenching and sapping approaches to get their assault troops closer to the strongpoints. Viet Minh assaults resumed on 1 May. The direct artillery fire surprised the French. The Navarre plan called for strategic defensive in the north, offensive in the south. This Autumn-Winter, you are assigned the taslc of marching to Dien Bien Phu to wipe out more enemy effectives, extend our resistance bases, and liberate more compatriots still under the … Although some reinforcements arrived, they did not replace the growing casualties. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. David Galster’s Bruno’s Bunker series of articles explain the evolution of the struggle in Indochina from a French and Viet-Minh perspective. In spite of entreaties by General Rene Cogny, able commander of the Red River Delta, Navarre insisted on the Laos option. In November 1953 the French army began building a base in the mountains around Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam, hoping that it would lure the Viet Minh guerrilla fighters into an open battle. The Battle of Dien Bien Phu (French: Bataille de Diên Biên Phu pronounced [bataj də djɛn bjɛn fy]; Vietnamese: Chiến dịch Điện Biên Phủ, IPA: [ɗîəˀn ɓīən fû]) was a climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War that took place between 13 March and 7 May 1954.
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