[45] Nevertheless, a small minority of scholars argue that Jerome's assertion may be credible. Lucretius divided his argument into six Lucretius attempts to allow for free will in his physicalistic universe by postulating an indeterministic tendency for atoms to veer randomly (Latin: clinamen, literally "the turning aside of a thing", but often translated as "the swerve"). stammendes Lehrgedicht des römischen Dichters, Philosophen und Epikureers Titus Lucretius Carus, genannt Lukrez. Berlin 1957, S. 168.: 5. Since that nothingness (which he likens to a deep, peaceful sleep) caused us no pain or discomfort, we should not fear the same nothingness that will follow our own demise:[5], According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Lucretius sees those who fear death as embracing the fallacious assumption that they will be present in some sense "to regret and bewail [their] own non-existence. He argued that the deities (whose existence he did not deny) lived forevermore in the enjoyment of absolute peace—strangers to all the passions, desires, and fears, which affect humans—and totally indifferent to the world and its inhabitants, unmoved alike by their virtues and their crimes. [101][102], "On the Nature of Things" redirects here. [52][53] Scholars consider manuscripts O, Q, and S to all be descendants of the original archetype, which they dub Ω. "[46] However, Kleve contends that four of the six books are represented in the fragments, which he argues is reason to assume that the entire poem was at one time kept in the library. De rerum natura (deutsch Über die Natur der Dinge oder Vom Wesen des Weltalls) ist ein aus dem 1. An XML version of this text is available for download, with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. To the Greek philosopher Epicurus, the unhappiness and degradation of humans arose largely from the dread which they entertained of the power of the deities, from terror of their wrath. Im Bereich der lateinischen Sprache ist Lukrez dagegen der erste, der im epischen Versmaß des Hexameters einen „Sach- zusammenhang“ (Reclam, S. 617) beschreibt. ("Agamemnon", "Hom. Perseus provides credit for all accepted [1], The Italian scholar Guido Billanovich demonstrated that Lucretius' poem was well known in its entirety by Lovato Lovati (1241–1309) and some other Paduan pre-humanists during the thirteenth century. [3], The fourth book is devoted to the theory of the senses, sight, hearing, taste, smell, of sleep and of dreams, ending with a disquisition upon love and sex. [1], Lucretius has also had a marked influence upon modern philosophy, as perhaps the most complete expositor of Epicurean thought. [57] Rather, all the remaining Lucretian manuscripts that are currently extant date from or after the fifteenth century. These remnants were discovered among the Epicurean library in the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum. Der kritische Kommentar rechtfertigt den Text der Neuausgabe des Lukrez in der Bibliotheca Teubneriana. Die Kernstelle ist auf jeden Fall Lukrez (Titus Lucretius Carus), De rerum natura (Über die Natur der Dinge) 2, 112 – 141. [5], The oldest purported fragments of De rerum natura were published by K. Kleve in 1989 and consist of sixteen fragments. But to lay down which of them it is lies beyond the range of our stumbling progress. Click anywhere in the [66] However, Manilius's poem, espouses a Stoic, deterministic understanding of the universe,[67] and by its very nature attacks the very philosophical underpinnings of Lucretius's worldview. [47] The oldest—and, according to David Butterfield, most famous—of these is the Codex Oblongus, often called O. "[5], Lucretius maintained that he could free humankind from fear of the deities by demonstrating that all things occur by natural causes without any intervention by the deities. (3). With this episode, the book closes; this abrupt ending suggests that Lucretius might have died before he was able to finalize and fully edit his poem.[3]. [8] This book addresses the origin of the world and of all things therein, the movements of the heavenly bodies, the changing of the seasons, day and night, the rise and progress of humankind, society, political institutions, and the invention of the various arts and sciences which embellish and ennoble life. his assertion that the world was created from chaos, and his denials of Providence, divine participation, miracles, the efficacy of prayer, and an afterlife) as "proto-atheistic". [98][99][100] The book was well-received, and later earned the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction and the 2011 National Book Award for Nonfiction. Following this, the poet argues that the universe comprises an infinite number of Atoms, which are scattered about in an infinite and vast void (Inane). In that case, nature would never have produced anything. Cuius, uti memoro, rei simulacrum et imago ante oculos semper nobis versatur et instat. [93] His Essays contain almost a hundred quotes from De rerum natura. De rerum natura Titel entspricht dem griechischen "P e r i j u s e w V "; - natürlich auch hier: Zerstörung des Mythos und aller unerklärbarer, - Mechanik) und nicht … The one major exception to this was Isidore of Seville, who at the start of the 7th century produced a work on astronomy and natural history dedicated to the Visigothic king Sisebut that was entitled De natura rerum. "[5], Lucretius was almost certainly read by the imperial poet Marcus Manilius (fl. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Hide browse bar TITVS LVCRETIVS CARVS (c. 94 – c. 49 B.C.) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License. The poem, written in some 7,400 dactylic hexameters, is divided into six untitled books, and explores Epicurean physics through poetic language and metaphors. [59], The first printed edition of De rerum natura was produced in Brescia, Lombardy, in 1473. It has been suggested that Dante (1265–1321) might have read Lucretius's poem, as a few verses of his Divine Comedy exhibit a great affinity with De rerum natura, but there is no conclusive evidence that Dante ever read Lucretius. )[18], The state of the poem as it currently exists suggests that it was released in an unfinished state. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License. He argues against fear of such deities by demonstrating, through observations and arguments, that the operations of the world can be accounted for in terms of natural phenomena. Die Annäherung der Künstler erfolgte über ausgewählte Textstellen, die zu einer bildlichen Darstellung animierten. Hutchinson, Lucy (geb. [48] O is currently housed at Leiden University. stammendes Lehrgedicht des römischen Dichters, Philosophen und Epikureers Titus Lucretius Carus, genannt Lukrez. De Rerum Natura or because all that does come goes back, in some way repulsed before we can perceive what harm it does, [experience manifestly shows that this cannot be true.] )[92], Montaigne owned a Latin edition published in Paris, in 1563, by Denis Lambin which he heavily annotated. De rerum natura (deutsch Über die Natur der Dinge oder Vom Wesen des Weltalls) ist ein aus dem 1. [66] What is more, Manilius also seems to suggest throughout this poem that his work is superior to that of Lucretius's. Übersetzung: Hermann Diels, 1924 The title of Lucretius’s work translates that of the chief work of Epicurus, Peri physeōs (On Nature). with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. • Bailey, C. (1947). Mutter der Aeneaden, o Wonne der Menschen und Götter, Holde Venus! Lukrez: Von der Natur der Dinge, 1. Lateinische Lehrbücher I-VI. [15] Near the end of his first book, Lucretius defends his fusion of Epicureanism and poetry with a simile, arguing that the philosophy he espouses is like a medicine: life-saving but often unpleasant. Lukrez Herkunft und soziale Stellung sind nicht gesichert; Vermutungen, die von seinem Cognomen Carus auf eine niedrige Herkunft schließen, sind ebenso wenig zu belegen wie die Annahme, Lukrez habe der Nobilität angehört. "[89], After Lactantius's time, Lucretius was almost exclusively referenced or alluded to in a negative manner by the Church Fathers. [3], In the third book, the general concepts proposed thus far are applied to demonstrate that the vital and intellectual principles, the Anima and Animus, are as much a part of us as are our limbs and members, but like those limbs and members have no distinct and independent existence, and that hence soul and body live and perish together; the book concludes by arguing that the fear of death is a folly, as death merely extinguishes all feeling—both the good and the bad. [55][56], While there exist a handful of references to Lucretius in Romance and Germanic sources dating between the ninth and fifteenth centuries (references that, according to Ada Palmer, "indicate a tenacious, if spotty knowledge of the poet and some knowledge of [his] poem"), no manuscripts of De rerum natura currently survive from this span of time. Zumindest deutet sein W… Von nichts kommt nichts.” Lukrez, Titus Lucretius Carus - De rerum natura. Lukrez. Lucretius wrote this epic poem to "Memmius", who may be Gaius Memmius, who in 58 BC was a praetor, a judicial official deciding controversies between citizens and the government. [22], After the poem was rediscovered and made its rounds across Europe and beyond, numerous thinkers began to see Lucretius's Epicureanism as a "threat synonymous with atheism. quae quoniam rerum naturam sola gubernas nec sine te quicquam dias in luminis oras exoritur neque fit laetum neque amabile quicquam, te sociam studeo scribendis versibus esse, quos ego de rerum natura pangere conor 25 Memmiadae nostro, quem tu, dea, tempore in … Chr.) [46], Copies of the poem were preserved in a number of medieval libraries, with the earliest extant manuscripts dating to the ninth century. Additionally, although only published in 1996, Lucy Hutchinson's translation of De rerum natura was in all likelihood the first in English and was most likely completed some time in the late 1640s or 1650s. [1] Additionally, in his essay "Of Books", he lists Lucretius along with Virgil, Horace, and Catullus as his four top poets. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Kosmologie, Kulturgeschichte Mit einer Einführung und Erläuterungen von Ernst Günther Schmidt, München 1991 – Lukrez: De rerum natura. De rerum natura (Latin: [deːˈreːrʊ̃n.naːˈtuːraː]; On the Nature of Things) is a first-century BC didactic poem by the Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius (c. 99 BC – c. 55 BC) with the goal of explaining Epicurean philosophy to a Roman audience. Titel: Die Welt aus Atomen / De rerum natura Autor/en: Lukrez, Titus Lucretius Carus ISBN: 3150042577 EAN: 9783150042571 I have translated from my own text published in the Bibliotheca Oxoniensi. The manuscript that Poggio discovered did not survive, but a copy (the "Codex Laurentianus 35.30") of it by Poggio's friend, Niccolò de' Niccoli, did, and today it is kept at the Laurentian Library in Florence. [54] However, while O is a direct descendant of the archetype,[54] Q and S are believed to have both been derived from a manuscript (Ψ) that in turn had been derived from a damaged and modified version of the archetype (ΩI). Über das Leben des Lukrez ist so gut wie nichts bekannt. [50] Today, Q is also housed at Leiden University. The entire proem is also written in the format of a hymn, recalling other early literary works, texts, and hymns and in particular the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite. Ein unendlich freier Gesang von Lukrez am 12. De Rerum Natura. [5] Given that Lucretius goes on to argue that the gods are removed from human life, many have thus seen this opening to be contradictory: how can Lucretius pray to Venus and then deny that the gods listen to or care about human affairs? Lucretius then dedicates time to exploring the axiom that nothing can be produced from nothing, and that nothing can be reduced to nothing (Nil fieri ex nihilo, in nihilum nil posse reverti). However, Memmius' name is central to several critical verses in the poem, and this theory has therefore been largely discredited. De rerum natura. [10] The German classicists Ivo Bruns and Samuel Brandt set forth an alternative theory that Lucretius did at first write the poem with Memmius in mind, but that his enthusiasm for his patron cooled over time. Lucretius refers to Memmius by name four times in the first book, three times in the second, five in the fifth, and not at all in the third, fourth, or sixth books. This work is licensed under a [1] Namely, Lucretius explores the principles of atomism; the nature of the mind and soul; explanations of sensation and thought; the development of the world and its phenomena; and explains a variety of celestial and terrestrial phenomena. [34] For instance, when considering the reason for stellar movements, Lucretius provides two possible explanations: that the sky itself rotates, or that the sky as a whole is stationary while constellations move. On the Nature of Things, long poem written in Latin as De rerum natura by Lucretius that sets forth the physical theory of the Greek philosopher Epicurus. Sein wahrscheinlich unvollendetes Werk De rerum natura ist eine der Hauptquellen zur Philosophie Epikurs, die ansonsten nur in Fragmenten überliefert ist. Das Ziel seiner Theorie ist die Entmystifizierung von Naturphänomenen. changes, storing new additions in a versioning system. Current location in this text. Nevertheless, Lucretius writes as a complete Epicurean,offering his reader not just cosmological understanding but the fullrecipe for happiness. [4][5] By recalling the opening to poems by Homer, Ennius, and Hesiod (all of which begin with an invocation to the Muses), the proem to De rerum natura conforms to epic convention. But if they were not in the habit of swerving, they would all fall straight down through the depths of the void, like drops of rain, and no collision would occur, nor would any blow be produced among the atoms. Das Lehrgedicht De rerum natura („Über die Natur der Dinge“) des römischen Dichters Lukrez ist die bedeutendste und eingängigste Darstellung der antiken Atomlehre. This copy has been dated to the early ninth century and was produced by a Carolingian scriptorium (likely a monastery connected to the court of Charlemagne). He was unable to tell his readers how to determine which of these alternatives might be the true one. An XML version of this text is available for download, with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. For the documentary television series, see, Lucretius was quoted by several early Christian writers, including, List of English translations of De rerum natura, "Hortus Apertus – La fortuna – Dante e Lucrezio", "Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini" (2013), "The 2012 Pulitzer Prize Winners: General Nonfiction", "2011 National Book Award Winner, Nonfiction", "An Unearthed Treasure That Changed Things", "The Answer Man: An Ancient Poem Was Rediscovered—and the World Swerved", "Book review: 'The Swerve: How the World Became Modern, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_rerum_natura&oldid=993308149, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 December 2020, at 23:10. Your current position in the text is marked in blue. ISBN 0133923908. [3] Lucretius identifies the supernatural with the notion that the deities created our world or interfere with its operations in some way. [23] Regardless, due to the ideas espoused in the poem, much of Lucretius's work was seen by many as direct a challenge to theistic, Christian belief. (3 Bde. [5] To further alleviate the fear of non-existence, Lucretius makes use of the symmetry argument: he argues that the eternal oblivion awaiting all humans after death is exactly the same as the infinite nothingness that preceded our birth. A History of Western Science. "Prolegomena". Certainly to eliminate fear of the divine throughphysical understanding is one component of this task, but not the onlyone. Rom Der lateinische Autor Lukrez und sein grandioses Weltgedicht: „De rerum natura“ erklärt die Natur und die Schönheit des Lebens, doch auch die … Buch - deutsch : 1. [49] The second of these ninth-century manuscripts is the Codex Quadratus, often called Q. Historians of science, however, have been critical of the limitations of his Epicurean approach to science, especially as it pertained to astronomical topics, which he relegated to the class of "unclear" objects. [71][72] David Butterfield also writes that "clear echoes and/or responses" to De rerum natura can be detected in the works of the Roman elegiac poets Catullus, Propertius, and Tibullus, as well as the lyric poet Horace. [61], The earliest recorded critique of Lucretius's work is in a letter written by the Roman statesman Cicero to his brother Quintus, in which the former claims that Lucretius's poetry is "full of inspired brilliance, but also of great artistry" (Lucreti poemata, ut scribis, ita sunt, multis luminibus ingeni, multae tamen artis). Werk: philosophisches Lehrgedicht De rerum natura erstes bedeutendes und vollständig erhaltenes Lehrgedicht der römischen Antike einem Dichtermäzen namens C. Memmius gewidmet [24] What is more, Lucretius does not deny the existence of deities;[25][26] he simply argues that they did not create the universe, that they do not care about human affairs, and that they do not intervene in the world. And as a simple ceasing-to-be, death can be neither good nor bad for this being, since a dead person—being completely devoid of sensation and thought—cannot miss being alive. In relation to this discrepancy in the frequency of Lucretius's reference to the apparent subject of his poem, Kannengiesse advances the theory that Lucretius wrote the first version of De rerum natura for the reader at large, and subsequently revised in order to write it for Memmius. [23] However, at that time the label was extremely broad and did not necessarily mean a denial of divine entities (for example, some large Christian sects labelled dissenting groups as atheists). options are on the right side and top of the page. sion that the De Rerum Natura, even in iu most scientific discussions, is Itill poetry. "[35], Despite his advocacy of empiricism and his many correct conjectures about atomism and the nature of the physical world, Lucretius concludes his first book stressing the absurdity of the (by then well-established) round earth theory, favor instead a flat earth cosmology. He likens the physical body to a vessel that holds both the mind (mens) and spirit (anima). The poem consists of six untitled books, in dactylic hexameter. [51] The third and final ninth-century manuscript—which comprises the Schedae Gottorpienses fragment (commonly called G and located in the Kongelige Bibliotek of Copenhagen) and the Schedae Vindobonenses fragments (commonly called V and U and located in the Austrian National Library in Vienna)—was christened by Butterfield as S and has been dated to the latter part of the ninth century. Über die Natur der Dinge: (De rerum natura) | Lukrez | ISBN: 9783843065689 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. De rerum natura De rerum natura (deutsch Über die Natur der Dinge oder Vom Wesen des Weltalls) ist ein aus dem 1. Die vielen textkritisch umstrittenen Stellen des Gedichts werden eingehend geprüft; konkurrierende Deutungen und Konjekturen kritisch bewertet; neue Lösungen für … An XML version of this text is available for download, Determinism appears to conflict with the concept of free will. Titus Lucretius Carus war ein römischer Dichter und Philosoph in der Tradition des Epikureismus. Jump to navigation Jump to search According to the Epicurean canon, the fear of death must also becountered, and the rational management of pleasures a… Aus "De Rerum Natura" liest Gert Heidenreich, der Schriftsteller mit einer der hierzulande bekanntesten und beliebtesten Vorlese-Stimmen. in 1898, but in the-I fear-numerous places, where I have since altered my opinion, I have taken what I now believeto be the right reading Lukrez-Über die Natur der Dinge (De rerum natura) (55 v. Lucretius opens his poem by addressing Venus not only as the mother of Rome (Aeneadum genetrix) but also as the veritable mother of nature (Alma Venus), urging her to pacify her lover Mars and spare Rome from strife. [86][87], Because Lucretius was critical of religion and the claim of an immortal soul, his poem was disparaged by most early Church Fathers. Der Menschheit wurde damit sowohl ein strahlendes Stück Poesie als auch ein Zeugnis davon erhalten, zu welchen geistigen Höhenflügen griechische Philosophen und Wissenschaftler lange vor … Epicurus thus made it his mission to remove these fears, and thus to establish tranquility in the minds of his readers. [59][60] This proves that the work was known in select circles long before the official rediscovery by Poggio. [97], In 2011, the historian and literary scholar Stephen Greenblatt wrote a popular history book about the poem, entitled The Swerve: How the World Became Modern.
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